Configuring Raspberry Pi
Previous: Configuring Raspberry Pi
Note: Conclude each of the following command by pressing the Enter-key so that the corresponding action is executed.
Locally logging on to Raspberry Pi for the first time
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Connect a monitor and a keyboard (USB) to the Raspberry Pi.
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By default, the user
pi
with passwordraspberry
is provided for each Raspberry Pi. Log on using this data.login as: pi
pi@192.168.1.225's password: raspberry
The text
raspberry
for the password is not displayed in the terminal window. Take care that the English keyboard layout is activated in the basis configuration (e.g. y = z).
The Raspberry Pi might inform you that it is not configured completely.
Setting options for Raspberry Pi
Configure the boot behavior, the language/region settings and the timezone accordingly. For Raspbian versions since 2016, you have to manually activate the OpenSSH server.
Start the menu Setup Options
to do so.
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From this menu, select the following options – one after the other (navigate through the options by pressing the cursor movement keys, select an option by pressing the Enter-key):
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Interfacing Options
Afterwards selectSSH
. AnswerYes
to the promptWould you like the SSG server to be enabled?
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Interfacing Options
Afterwards selectSPI
. AnswerYes
to the promptWould you like the SPI kernel module to be loaded by default?
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Boot Options
and afterwardsDesktop / CLI
(for older Raspbian versions:Enable Boot to Desktop/Scratch
)
Make sure thatConsole Text console, requiring user to login
orConsole Text console, requiring login (default)
is selected. -
Localisation Options
( – recommended setting)
Afterwards selectChange Locale
. Wait until the configuration dialog appears again (this might take some time). Then navigate through the list oflocales
until you finden_GB.UTF-8 UTF-8
. Make sure thaten_GB.UTF-8 UTF-8
is selected. If not, press the Space-key to selecten_GB.UTF-8 UTF-8
and the Enter-key to accept the selection. In the following prompt, selecten_GB.UTF-8 UTF-8
as default locale. Wait again until the configuration dialog appears again (this might take some time). -
Localisation Options
Afterwards selectChange Timezone
. Wait until the configuration dialog appears again (this might take some time). In the following list, select the geographic area (e.g.Europe
) and afterwards the city or region (e.g.London
).
After this configuration, close the menu Setup Options
by selecting Finish
. Answer No
to the question whether to reboot.
Entering password for user "root" and activating user "root"
Enter a reasonable password for the "super user" root
so that only you (as this user) will be able to access the Raspberry Pi.
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You must enter the password twice – once for the definition and once for the confirmation.
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For Raspbian versions since 2016, root
must be activated.
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Open the file
sshd_config
in a text editor.
The tutorial uses Nano to change files. Of course, you may use your favored text editor.nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config
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Change the file
sshd_config
and save the changes.Original line Changed and new lines PermitRootLogin without-password
#PermitRootLogin without-password
PermitRootLogin yes
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Save the changes and exit the editor: Press Ctrl+O (and confirm the file name), then press Ctrl+X.
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Restart the SSH server.
service ssh restart
Enter a constant IP-address for Raspberry Pi
Enter a constant IP-address for the Raspberry Pi so that the Raspberry can be addressed via the same IP-address at any time (e.g. without DHCP).
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Open the file
dhcpcd.conf
in a text editor.nano /etc/dhcpcd.conf
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Add the details within the file
dhcpcd.conf
.Example interface eth0
static ip_address=192.168.1.225
static routers=192.168.0.254
static domain_name_servers=192.168.0.254 8.8.8.8
Additional information:
-
Best practice is to use the command
ip link
in order to find the details of the interfaces on your system. -
Previous versions of the Raspberry Pi operating system used the file
/etc/network/interfaces
for the network interface configuration. If an interface is defined within this file/etc/network/interfaces
, these definitions take precedence over the ones within the file/etc/dhcpcd.conf
.
-
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Save the changes and exit the editor: Press Ctrl+O (and confirm the file name), then press Ctrl+X.
Updating Raspberry Pi
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Update the Raspberry Pi regarding some addon programs that are required for steps later on and for executing Neuron RTS max.
apt update && apt upgrade
apt-get install dos2unix
apt-get remove wolfram-engine
Note: The program
Mathematica
is de-installed as it prevents the execution of Neuron RTS max. -
Load the communication buses for SPI and I2C.
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Open the file
raspi-blacklist.conf
in a text editor, change this file (if necessary) and save the changes.nano /etc/modprobe.d/raspi-blacklist.conf
Original lines Changed lines blacklist spi-bcm2708
blacklist i2c-bcm2708
# blacklist spi-bcm2708
# blacklist i2c-bcm2708
In detail:
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Enter the character
#
at the beginning of the above 2 lines so that they are commented out. -
Save the changes and exit the editor: Press Ctrl+O (and confirm the file name), then press Ctrl+X.
-
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Open the file
modules
in a text editor, change this file and save the changes.nano /etc/modules
New lines #SPI device
spi-dev
#I2C device
i2c-dev
In detail:
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Enter the new lines at the bottom of the file.
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Save the changes and exit the editor: Press Ctrl+O (and confirm the file name), then press Ctrl+X.
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Restarting Raspberry Pi
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Restart the Raspberry Pi in order to accept all changes made until now.
shutdown now -r
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Confirm the displayed messages and wait for about 1 minute.
Connecting to Raspberry Pi by using PuTTY
Use PuTTY for the following configuration/installation steps.
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Start PuTTY.
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In dialog PuTTY Configuration, enter the detected IP-address under Host Name, select SSH under Connection type, then click Open.
PuTTY displays a terminal window in which you have to enter certain commands – one after each other. Conclude each command by pressing the Enter-key so that the corresponding action is executed.
Logging on as user "root"
-
Log on as user
root
with the new password.login as: root
root@192.168.1.225's password: _new password for root_
The text for the new password is not displayed in the terminal window
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Check whether the communication buses are really loaded.
lsmod
The listed modules must include
i2c_dev
,i2c_bcm2708
andspi_bcm2708
(or a more current module).